水变色:这意味着什么?

多云的、有泡沫的或乳白色的水?

如果你在冷水中感到浑浊, 热水或热水和冷水混浊是由微小的气泡引起的. When water temperatures are cold (<50ᵒF) extra oxygen molecules are readily accepted by the water molecule (H2O). The water and air is then held under pressure in your water pipes, much like a bottle of soda. 当你打开水龙头, 压力释放了, 让气泡出现, 就像打开汽水瓶的盖子会让汽水发出嘶嘶声一样. 如果你让一杯水静置一会儿, 云层将在底部开始放晴，然后上升到顶部. 这种现象被称为夹带空气，它不会影响你的水质. 这种水完全可以安全饮用.

第一次抽取的水是棕色或黄色?

这可能表明你的房子内部管道有问题. 许多房子都有镀锌铁管或镀锌固定装置, 当内部的锌涂层磨损变薄时, 水与裸铁接触，使其变色. 水在管道中静止的时间越长，它就会变得越变色. That is why this problem is usually noticeable the first time you turn on the tap in the morning.

冲洗管道一分钟左右，水就会变清. 铁在食用时不会对健康造成危害. 铁是一种必需的营养物质，只被认为是审美问题.

棕色或黄色的冷水? 

Light yellow to dark reddish-brown water is typically caused by a disturbance of pipeline sediments in the water main. The discoloration is caused by dissolved iron which is stirred up in naturally-occurring sediments that exist in all water systems.

水变色可能是由于:

• 有计划地清洗总水管，以清除你所在地区的管道沉积物.
• Entities such as Fire Departments opening or closing of a water hydrant for pressure testing located near your home may stir sediment.
• 该地区的管道维修工作(或建筑活动)也可以发挥作用.
• Change is source water that causes the water to flow in a different direction stirring up the sediments in the mains.

Iron is an aesthetic issue and is not an indicator that the water is unsafe or that the integrity of the water main has been compromised. A disinfectant residual is maintained to ensure that the water is safe for household use, 包括烹饪和饮酒. If you experience this type of discolored water take precautions to clear the lines to your laundry facility to prevent articles of clothing from becoming stained. Please call Customer Service at 408-279-7900 to report any discoloration that has not cleared within a few hours.

黑色或灰色

When water appears gray or black it is typically caused by a disturbance of sediment in the pipeline.  这种变色是由锰的存在引起的. 锰是自然产生的沉积物，是一个美学问题. The presence of manganese sediment is not an indicator that the water is unsafe or that the integrity of the water main has been compromised. A disinfectant residual is maintained to ensure that the water is safe for household use, 包括烹饪和饮酒. If you experience this type of discolored water take precautions to clear the lines to your laundry facility to prevent articles of clothing from becoming stained. Please call Customer Service at 408-279-7900 to report any discoloration lasting longer than 24 hours with internal flushing or clears but returns every few days.

蓝色的水是非常罕见的，这可能是铜腐蚀的一个指标. This is most common in homes with brand new copper piping or in establishments that have soda fountains. 如果你的家最近重新装修过, 冲洗你的房子，等水变清再喝. 如果你有碳酸饮料，并且正在经历蓝水, 蓝色的 ice or if customers are describing bitter-tasting water or upset stomachs in your establishment, 立即关闭饮料机，并联系饮料供应商.  请立即拨打客服502.583.6610报告此问题.

绿色

Standing water, such as in a white bathtub, will sometimes appear to have a 绿色ish tint to it. 荧光灯也可以给水一个绿色的外观. 为了测试这个, 在一个白色的桶里装满水，然后带到外面, 在自然光下不应有可见的颜色. 如果水仍然是绿色的，请拨打客户服务电话408-279-7900.

“粉红污点”

你在浴室固定装置上看到的粉红色/红色/橙色变色, 灌浆, 浴帘则来自粘质沙雷氏菌的生物膜, 经常被误称为“粉红霉菌”.  它喜欢潮湿的地方，比如淋浴处或排水沟. 沙雷氏菌以矿物沉积物、牙膏残渣和肥皂渣为食. 沙雷氏菌是一种空气传播的细菌，不能在你的供水系统中存活. 

粘质沙雷氏菌的生物膜可以轻轻去除. Some professionals recommend mixing a quarter-cup baking soda and a tablespoon of liquid dish soap. 用软毛刷, 所以不要划伤固定装置的表面, 松开生物膜并将其冲洗掉. You should take precautions to minimize your exposure to the bacteria by wearing gloves and protective glasses. 

It is not enough just to scrub away the biofilm - the area must also be disinfected to kill any remaining bacteria colonies to prevent it from reestablishing. An antibacterial cleaner with bleach is recommended for killing any bacteria left behind. Spray the cleaner on the areas and let it stand for at least 10 minutes because contact time of the bacteria to the disinfectant is key. 用另一把软毛刷擦洗所有表面并冲洗干净. 这个过程可能需要每隔几天重复一次，直到所有的菌落都被移除.

黑色颗粒

黑色颗粒有三种常见来源:滤水器损坏, 退化的水龙头垫圈或垫圈, 或者一根易碎的黑色橡胶软管(用于热水器), 洗衣机, 或者厨房水龙头, 等.). 

如果粒子很硬, 相似的大小和形状相似的, 看起来像大块的咖啡渣, they are probably granular activated carbon (GAC) particles from the inside of a GAC water filter that you have installed. Replace the filter cartridge or consult with the manufacturer or the vendor who sold it to you.

如果颗粒是固体，但质地像橡胶, 它们可能是旧水龙头垫圈或垫圈的碎片. 如果这是问题所在, the particles would likely only be present at one faucet and that faucet is already leaking. 更换供水管道末端的水龙头垫圈和填料.

If the particles are small black particles that can be easily smeared between two fingers, 或者有焦油一样的稠度, 它们可能来自与热水器相连的软管内部. 这些黑色橡胶软管上覆盖着编织的不锈钢网. 随着时间的推移，水中的氯胺会导致橡胶分解. The flexible line will need to be replaced; we recommend that you contact a licensed plumber to assure that all fixtures meet local plumbing codes.

棕色或橙色颗粒

棕色（的） or orange particles can be rust particles that have broken off the inside of your water pipes or the water mains. 这些颗粒很硬, 不规则的大小和形状不规则的, 并且可以是几种不同的颜色(包括黑色). 这种类型的沉积物是一个美学问题，不被认为是健康危害.

Another common cause of brown or orange particles in the water is a malfunctioning 软水器. 颗粒的大小将是均匀的, 通常是鱼卵的大小, 它们是棕色或橙色的，用手指摩擦感觉是球形的. The microbeads are contained within the softening unit by a thin membrane that over time can break, 数以百万计的这些微珠释放到你的水管里. If you can locate the by-pass valve of your softener you can temporarily resolve the issue until you can call your service agent for repairs. If the device is not in use you will want to make sure there is no hook up to your internal plumbing, 即使设备没有插电，也会影响水质.

白色颗粒

水中的白色或褐色颗粒通常来自内部管道. This material is pipe scale or “hardness” and is a combination of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Calcium and magnesium carbonates are naturally occurring minerals and are not a health hazard. 

热水器是白色或棕褐色颗粒的另一个来源. 当水被加热时, 碳酸钙和碳酸镁会从水中析出, 形成白色或褐色砂状沉积物的. 当你使用热水时，这些矿物质会被带走. 防止矿物沉积物积聚在热水器内, 遵循热水器制造商的维护说明.

水垢或白色残留物

水垢留在固定装置上的水垢或沉淀物, 白色的表面, 水蒸发后的锅是碳酸钙和碳酸镁. 这些都是天然存在的矿物质，不会对健康造成危害. 这些沉积物可能呈绿色, 蓝色的, 或棕色, 在水管或固定装置中发现的微量金属被染色. 碳酸盐沉积物可以用白醋溶解. 洗碗机沉积物可以通过使用商业护发素降到最低, by using liquid detergents and by using the air-dry instead of the power-dry setting on your dishwasher. Always refer to the manufacturers recommendations before using commercial products to your appliance.